VOWELS AND
CONSONANTS

4. The sounds of vowels

The words heed, hid, head, had, hod, hawed whispered.

The words had, head, hid, heed spoken in a creaky voice.

VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

Peter Ladefoged (Late of University of California, Los Angeles, USA), Sandra Ferrari Disner (University of Southern California, USA)

February 2012, ©2011, Wiley-Blackwell

BROWSE BY CHAPTER

• 1. Sounds and languages -The IPA chart sounds
• 2. Pitch and loudness
• 3. Vowel contrasts
• 4. The sounds of vowels
• 6. The sounds of consonants
• 7. Acoustic components of speech
• 8. Talking computers
• 10. Categorical perception experiments
• 12. Making English vowels
• 13. Actions of the larynx
• 14. Consonants around the world
• 15. Vowels around the world
• 16. Putting vowels and consonants together